Longitudinal Monitoring of GRIm and HCC ‐ GRIm Scores Reveals Immunologically Relevant Prognostic Indicators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing TACE Plus ICIs and Anti‐ VEGF Antibodies/ TKIs

The GRIm and HCC-GRIm scores were shown to be effective prognostic indicators only at baseline in uHCC patients treated with TACE combined with ICIs and anti-VEGF antibodies or TKIs. Patients with low GRIm scores demonstrated treatment-associated increases in Igλ, Igκ, and IgG levels. Igλ, Igκ, and IgG represent measurable links between GRIm-defined risk categories, immune activation following treatment, and clinical outcomes. Integration of GRIm dynamics and immunoglobulin monitoring into clinical workflows may enhance risk stratification and support personalized treatment strategies in advanced HCC.