ABSTRACT A multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) framework was applied to integrate 20 flood resilience indicators categorized under the 4Rs framework—redundancy, robustness, rapidity, and resourcefulness—to evaluate regional flood resilience. Indicator weights were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and regional resilience levels were assessed and ranked using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Sensitivity analysis was conducted in two phases: first, the weights of the four R components were adjusted to evaluate their influence on regional rankings; second, TOPSIS was applied separately to each component to identify structural strengths and vulnerabilities. The study focused on 21 regions in South Korea designated as special disaster areas in 2022 due to Typhoon Hinnamno and localized heavy rainfall. The results revealed substantial spatial variation in flood resilience, with rankings particularly sensitive to the weighting of rapidity and resourcefulness. Component‐level analyses indicated imbalances among the four Rs. These findings demonstrate that aggregated resilience scores may obscure critical local vulnerabilities, whereas disaggregated, component‐level assessments are essential for capturing the nuanced nature of regional flood resilience. The proposed methodology provides a practical framework for identifying policy priorities and tailoring flood management to region‐specific conditions in South Korea.
Jung et al. (Wed,) studied this question.