The Triadic Nexus: Understanding the Interplay and Semantic Boundaries Between Place Identity, Place Image, and Place Reputation

This study seeks to explore the nature of the interconnections and semantic boundaries between place identity, place image and place reputation. The examination of the relationships between these concepts was based on a meta-synthesis of 153 predominantly empirical studies, most of which examined these concepts individually. The research revealed that the delineation of place identity, place image and place reputation varies considerably depending on the perspective chosen by the authors, which can lead to confusion in the study and especially in the interpretation of the results. In this study, place image is considered as a subjective reflection of an objectively defined identity. In other words, image is the perception of identity, its reflection in the individual’s consciousness, encompassing both cognitive and evaluative dimensions. Place identity is understood as a set of elements and attributes that characterise and differentiate a given territory from others. Place reputation represents the highest level of generalisation of territorial perception. It is “formed” as a consensual evaluation by external audiences into a collectively accepted dichotomous assessment: “good” or “bad” reputation. The common and differentiating attributes are compared in a summary table. The study provides a basic theoretical framework of the concepts of place identity, image and reputation applicable to place branding and place marketing and management strategies aimed at enhancing the attractiveness of a place to potential target segments.