Agrochemical and Aquatic-Physical Properties of Black Soil

Agrochemical and water-physical properties of soils are the main indicators of soil fertility. According to the results of numerous monitoring studies conducted over a long period of time by various researchers and in different regions 4,5,6,7,9, it has been established that these properties of soils are subject to changes. There are different opinions on the impact of anthropogenic impact on the fertility of chernozems. Some researchers claim that the involvement of chernozem soils in agricultural use leads to a significant decrease in the humus content, especially in the arable horizon. A decrease in humus content occurs in the first years of development, in the future, humus losses are less intense, and after that, its reserves in the upper arable layer of the soil stabilize with the established agrocenosis. Other researchers note the preservation of the nature of humus formation and the qualitative composition of humus in arable soils in comparison with the initial zonal type of soil formation. Chernozem soils are a type of soil with an optimal content of humus and essential nutrients for cultivated plants, indicating their potential fertility. However, intensive agricultural use of these soils without considering their properties and regimes can lead to degradation and negative processes. In addition to anthropogenic factors, natural factors also have a negative impact on the properties of chernozems. One of these factors is the occurrence of heavy rainfall and spring runoff, which can cause erosion even on slightly sloped surfaces. The use of chernozem soils in irrigated agriculture It leaves its mark on the properties and modes. Without scientifically based standards, the number and timing of watering, developed for each type of crop, depending on the climatic conditions, lead to negative processes such as secondary salinization, deterioration of the qualitative composition of humus, compaction of the upper root layer of the soil, etc. To assess the state of the quality indicators of chernozem soils, it is necessary to conduct monitoring studies taking into account the natural and climatic conditions.