Understanding the synergy of Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy among teachers is imperative for successful integration in educational settings. This study examined basic school teachers’ (BSTs) AI literacy based on four key aspects: AI knowledge and understanding (KUAI), AI application (AAI), AI application evaluation (EAIA), and AI ethics (AIE). The study employed a cross-sectional survey design and purposive sampling to collect data from 319 BSTs in Ghana. A variance-based structural equation modelling (VB-SEM) approach was used to explore the relationships between these dimensions and provide insights into their interrelationships. The study found that AAI positively influenced KUAI, EAIA, and AIE. However, AIE did not significantly influence KUAI and EAAI. In addition, KUAI did not influence EAIA. The findings contribute to understanding the current state of AI literacy among BSTs in Ghana and highlight areas for improvement in AI education and professional development programmes.
Arkorful et al. (2026) studied this question.