Blood Culture–Negative Endocarditis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Blood culture-negative endocarditis has been associated with worse outcomes when compared with blood culture-positive endocarditis, because pathogen-directed antimicrobial therapy and other management aspects have been difficult to achieve. Novel diagnostic tools, however, have changed the landscape of this syndrome and will likely improve patient outcomes. This American Heart Association scientific statement highlights these advances. The writing group, which represents a multidisciplinary team, provides an update on blood culture-negative endocarditis. Clinical scenarios representative of real-world experiences are included to assist frontline clinicians in the diagnosis and management of this syndrome.