Parental knowledge and awareness of complications of recurrent adenotonsillitis and its surgical management in children in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Background Recurrent adenotonsillitis is a frequent pediatric condition with complications affecting sleep, growth, hearing, and behavior. Parental awareness is essential for early identification and timely intervention. Aim This study aimed to assess parental knowledge and awareness of recurrent adenotonsillitis complications and its surgical management among parents in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents residing in the Jazan region who had at least one child aged 1–14 years. A validated self-administered questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of adenotonsillar disease and surgery. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Out of 448 respondents, 311 met inclusion criteria. Most were female (59%), Saudi (97%), and had university-level education (72%). About 57% of parents showed good knowledge based on scoring above the mean. Awareness was higher regarding symptoms like snoring (66%), sleep apnea (67%), and voice changes (75%). However, fewer parents recognized complications such as pulmonary hypertension (28%), GERD (32%), or dental issues (31%). Nearly half (49%) acknowledged weight loss as a possible consequence of chronic infections, and 58% agreed neck swelling could be a sign. Regarding surgery, 44% believed immunity might weaken post-adenotonsillectomy, and 47% identified bleeding as the most common complication. Only 40% were aware of adenoid regrowth. Age over 40 ( p < 0.001) and positive family history ( p = 0.001) were significantly associated with higher knowledge. Conclusion While parental awareness of some aspects of adenotonsillar complications is adequate, notable gaps remain, particularly concerning long-term and systemic effects. Targeted health education campaigns are essential to bridge these gaps and support better pediatric health outcomes.