Recent advances in stem cell-based therapeutics in ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is a medical discipline that examines and treats eye diseases. Research conducted in this field indicates a significant advancement in the use of stem cells for the treatment of retinal diseases. Stem cell applications, successfully employed in various medical branches, emerge as a hopeful prospect for the treatment of specific eye conditions. Retinal diseases, particularly age-related macular degeneration, Stargardt's macular dystrophy, and retinitis pigmentosa encompass widespread eye conditions leading to vision loss. At present, there is a lack of effective methods for treating these diseases. Therefore, stem cell therapy is being investigated as a promising alternative. Stem cells obtained from different sources can be used for this treatment. Clinical studies in this field indicate that the applied therapy could be effective in treating retinal diseases. However, the standardization of stem cell therapy, examination of long-term outcomes, and a more detailed assessment of potential complications are necessary. This review aims to examine the development of studies conducted in the field of ophthalmology from the past to the present and highlight the impact of these studies on eye health and clinical applications. Simultaneously, it aims to contribute to the development of a better understanding and more effective treatment options in the fight against eye diseases by inspiring future research.