Perovskite solar cell developments, whatʼs next?

In this comment, we analyze the challenges we are facing for the further development of perovskite solar cells for their commercialization and offer our recommendations. It includes the following aspects: upscaling of lab-sized devices to different sized modules, further improving their efficiencies and stability, establishing proper characterization tools to help understand the underlying mechanisms of defect formation and develop needed methods to reduce them, riding on the rapid development of several perovskite-based tandem cells to facilitate the commercialization of perovskite PV, establishing suitable accelerated testing protocols and standards to evaluate perovskite-based modules and panels.