The structural roots of multimorbidity: social inequalities, health disparities, and systemic challenges in Southern Spain

Multimorbidity in this context is not merely a clinical challenge but a socially embedded condition shaped by structural inequality and institutional failures. Health systems must move beyond single-disease logic and adopt integrated, equity-oriented models of care that consider the syndemic nature of multimorbidity. This study highlights the need to incorporate social determinants into chronic care strategies and to prioritise the lived experiences of patients and caregivers in future health policy and planning.