This survey examines the sine-Gordon equation's structure, demonstrating soliton properties and elastic collisions in fluids.
This paper surveys the mathematical structure of the sine-Gordon equation, proves that all structural properties of solitons are preserved in the rectangular-wave limit, and presents an alternative model for perfectly elastic collisions at arbitrary phases in a perfect fluid with different specific gravities.
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Noriaki Kihara (2026) studied this question.
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