Thermal efficiency of radiated tetra-hybrid nanofluid [(Al₂O₃-CuO-TiO₂-Ag)/water]tetra under permeability effects over vertically aligned cylinder subject to magnetic field and combined convection

The mathematical analysis was performed via RK and determined the results graphically. The study gives suitable parametric ranges for high thermal efficiency and fluid movement. Applied magnetics forces were observed excellent to control the fluid motion, whereas curvature and buoyancy forces favor the motion. Thermal mechanism in Tetra nanofluid is dominant over ternary nanoliquid and nonlinear thermal radiations increased the heat transfer rate.