The actinobacterial strain DEC002 was isolated recently from volcanic soils of Deception Island. Its taxonomic identity was resolved through a polyphasic strategy integrating morphology, physiological profiling, multilocus phylogeny, and genome-wide comparisons to resolve its identity. Concatenated core gene trees together with average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values place DEC002 within Actinacidiphila fildesensis with robust support. This is the first molecular confirmation of the species beyond King George Island and secures a second verified locality within the South Shetland Archipelago. Growth at low temperature with tolerance to moderate salinity indicates a psychrotolerant lifestyle. Cell-free supernatants inhibited representatives of foodborne Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including representatives of Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Genome analysis revealed enrichment in multiple biosynthetic gene clusters for nonribosomal peptides, polyketides, terpenes, and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), supporting the biosynthetic potential of the strain. Functional annotations emphasize replication and repair modules, mobile element-associated proteins, helix–turn–helix regulators, and versatile transport systems, features coherent with cold stress and oligotrophic soils. Antibiotic susceptibility assays indicate a broad resistance phenotype under the experimental conditions tested, together with extracellular antimicrobial activity. These data refine the biogeography of A. fildesensis and indicate DEC002 as a credible Antarctic source of specialized metabolites with antimicrobial promise.
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