Prevalence and epidemiological trends of obstructive urolithiasis in ruminents presented at indian veterinary research institute (ivri): a five-year study

Obstructive urolithiasis is a frequently encountered surgical emergency in veterinary practice, particularly in male ruminants and small animals. A retrospective evaluation of cases presented to the Referral Veterinary polyclinic cum TVCC of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar over a five-year period revealed a high prevalence of obstructive urolithiasis. More than 700 cases were recorded annually during the study period. Male animals were predominantly affected, and early castration emerged as an important predisposing factor. Feeding practices, particularly excessive feeding of bran-based concentrates, were strongly associated with the occurrence of urinary calculi. A marked seasonal pattern was also observed, with peaks during summer and winter months. The present analysis highlights epidemiological trends and major risk factors associated with obstructive urolithiasis and emphasizes the need for improved management practices to reduce its occurrence.