Hispidulin: A potential antihyperglycemic and anti-oxidant agent-mechanistic insights into its modulatory effects on PI3K, AKT, mTOR, IRS1, GSK-3β, and GLUT-4 pathways through in vitro and in vivo studies.

Key Points

• This research aims to explore the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of hispidulin through key molecular pathways.
• Conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to assess the effects of hispidulin on insulin sensitivity.
• Analyzed modulation of genes involved in the PI3K/AKT pathway.
• Evaluated reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation.
• Hispidulin significantly improved insulin sensitivity and reduced oxidative stress.
• Activation of PI3K/AKT pathway components was observed.
• Results suggest enhanced modulation of GLUT-4, contributing to better glucose uptake.