Single molecule Raman spectroscopy using isolated, circular ~ 110 nm diameter, multilayer insulator-metal-insulator-metal (MIM+) disk enhancement structures fabricated with 355 nm interferometric lithography in a 2D 400 nm period array is reported. Adenine and cytosine are selected as a bi-analyte pair, with comparable strength Raman lines arising from ring breathing modes in close proximity (A: 743 cm-1 shift and C: 807 cm-1 shift). Samples are soaked in 1:2 A:C mixtures diluted in water to ~ 1x10-3 to 5x10-4 of a monolayer coverage. Raman spectra are obtained with 633 nm excitation. The spectra show truncated Pareto distribution statistics with individual spectra showing: only A; only C; and A & C features demonstrating single molecule sensitivity. Over 90% of the spectra are null spectra without either A or C features. Importantly, the enhancement structures are isolated from each other, no close approach is required as in the case of spherical nanoparticles where ~ 1 nm gap modes are responsible for the large enhancement required for non-resonant single molecule sensitivity. These enhancement structures are readily fabricated by volume manufacturing lithography (optical and nanoimprint).
Jin et al. (Mon,) studied this question.