What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to identify the diversity of immune responses in adults with viral acute respiratory infections.

April 23, 2026Journal of Infection0 citationsOpen Access

Host response profiling reveals heterogenous immune responses in hospitalised adults with respiratory viral detection

ATAlex Tanner BDBilge Eylem Dedeoglu NBNathan J. Brendish

Key Points

The aim is to identify the diversity of immune responses in adults with viral acute respiratory infections.
Utilized PCR to detect respiratory viruses in hospitalized adults.
Assessed host gene expression to evaluate immune responses.
Combined pathogen testing with host response analysis for improved interpretation.
Found heterogeneous immune responses linked to different respiratory viruses.
Highlighted the need for careful interpretation of viral causality in ARI cases.
Indicated that combined testing may reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

Abstract

Background:Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the commonest reason for antibiotic use.Distinguishing bacterial from viral ARI is challenging, leading to antibiotic overuse and antimicrobial resistance.Respiratory viruses detected by PCR in patients with ARI may be causally related, but J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Interpretation:Host gene expression scores suggest that that the true aetiology of ARI in adults with respiratory viruses detected by PCR is heterogenous, especially for RhV, and that careful interpretation is required before attributing causality.Combining pathogen PCR with host response testing may aid interpretation and could reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.

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