KRAS-mutant LUAD patients exhibit inferior pathological responses and survival after neoadjuvant immunotherapy compared to KRAS-wildtype patients. A CD4TTregTNFRSF4 subset is enriched in non-responders, defining an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Responders are characterized by a synergistic network between Th1 cells and a novel exhausted-like B-cell (Bex) state. The balance between immunosuppressive Tregs and the Th1/Bex axis determines therapeutic efficacy in KRAS-mutant LUAD.
Wu et al. (2026) studied this question.