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April 23, 2026SCIENTIA SINICA Terrae0 citationsOpen Access

中国内生稀有金属矿床成矿规律与成矿谱系

JLJiankang LiPLPeng LiYLYongchao Liu

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore the mineralization patterns and series of rare metals in China.
  • Analysis of LCT and NYF type pegmatite, granite, volcanic, and carbonatite deposits.
  • Classification of ore systems based on aluminum and alkaline components.
  • Identification of mineralization series in 14 rare metal metallogenic belts.
  • Categorized ore systems into strong aluminum, weak aluminum-quasi-aluminum, and alkaline systems.
  • Established 22 metallogenic series indicating historical tectonic influences.
  • Identified high potential areas for rare metals in Northeast China and the Bangong Lake-Nujiang tectonic belt.

Abstract

锂、铍、铌和钽是重要的战略性稀有金属资源。锂、铍、铌、钽等稀有金属矿床主要包括lct族和nyf族伟晶岩型矿床、花岗岩型矿床、火山岩型矿床,以及碳酸岩和碱性岩型矿床。这些矿床可划分为强过铝质、弱过铝质-准铝质和过碱质成矿系统,分布在我国14个稀有金属成矿带。在空间分布上,三类成矿系统所处成矿带/区段分别发育巨厚复理石沉积岩或变泥质岩、大规模火山岩系或变火山沉积岩、众多碱性岩±碳酸岩杂岩体。在成矿时代-构造背景方面,强过铝质成矿系统及与其同时空的弱过铝质-准铝质成矿系统(主要为花岗岩型和伟晶岩型矿床)主要产在加里东晚期-海西早期、印支期和燕山期,主要形成于板块汇聚造山过程中;过碱质成矿系统和赋存在火山岩区的弱过铝质-准铝质成矿系统(主要为火山岩型矿床)主要产在加里东晚期-海西期,形成于陆缘/陆内伸展阶段或深大断裂活动带。在物质来源方面,从强过铝质、弱过铝质-准铝质到过碱质成矿系统,成矿物质组成存在成熟地壳组分减少,新生地壳、幔源组分增多的趋势。本文把某一成矿带内,同时空、同构造背景、同类型的一组成矿系统或矿床,归为一个成矿系列。在全国14个稀有金属成矿带划分出22个成矿系列,并基于中国板块汇聚和离散历史,构建了稀有金属成矿系列演化谱系。根据成矿系列的“全位成矿、缺位找矿”理论,除了已划定的成矿带,我国东北地区、班公湖-怒江构造带有较好的在稀有金属找矿潜力,华北-塔里木板块北缘的铌、铍和稀土找矿工作有待加强。

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Cite This Study

Li et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e9b95b85696592c86ec1c0https://doi.org/10.1360/sste-2025-0245
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