Evaluating the role of health literacy on patients in Arab countries: a systematic review of post-COVID-19 insights

Background Health literacy the ability to obtain, understand, and use health information is a key determinant of health outcomes. In Arab countries, its significance has become more apparent during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Objective To systematically review the current state of health literacy among patients in Arab countries and examine implications for health outcomes and policy in the post-pandemic context.Methods A systematic search of peer-reviewed cross-sectional studies published in English between 2020 and 2024 was conducted across seven databases. Eligible studies used validated health literacy tools among Arab populations. Study quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. (PROSPERO: CRD42023470145)Results Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria. Findings showed a high prevalence of limited health literacy, influenced by age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status. Individuals with low health literacy struggled with understanding medical information, engaging in preventive behaviors, and navigating healthcare systems. Women and older adults were consistently identified as vulnerable groups. Educational interventions demonstrated positive impacts on health literacy levels across multiple settings.Conclusions Substantial gaps in health literacy persist across Arab countries. Coordinated governmental, institutional, and community-based interventions are needed to improve patient engagement and reduce disparities in the post-COVID-19 era.