Observational findings associate higher GNRI with reduced postmenopausal osteoporosis risk in women with diabetes, suggesting potential clinical insights.
In postmenopausal female patients with T2DM, a higher GNRI value is independently associated with a lower risk of PMOP. GNRI demonstrates moderate discriminatory ability for identifying PMOP in this population and may serve as a simple and useful auxiliary indicator for assessing skeletal health risk in clinical practice, pending further prospective validation.
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Haibier et al. (2026) studied this question.
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