Trends in Kidney Stone Prevalence Among United States Adults With Diabetes: A Cross‐Sectional Study From the NHANES Database, 2007–2020

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to estimate the trends in the prevalence of kidney stones among adults with diabetes in the United States from 2007 to 2020 and to examine sex- and race/ethnicity-specific differences. METHODS: This study analyzed 31,116 adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2020. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between diabetes and kidney stones, and survey-weighted linear regression was used to evaluate temporal trends overall and across subgroups defined by sex and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Diabetes was associated with higher odds of kidney stones (OR = 1.63, p < 0.001). Between 2007 and 2020, the prevalence of both diabetes and kidney stones increased significantly among US adults (both p for trend <0.05). In subgroup analyses by sex and race, diabetes prevalence increased significantly over time among men and non-Hispanic Whites (both P for trend <0.05). Among adults with diabetes, kidney stone prevalence increased from 14.3% to 16.1% (p for trend = 0.446). Among men with diabetes, kidney stone prevalence changed from 16.6% to 20.2% (p for trend = 0.527), whereas among women with diabetes, it changed from 11.8% to 12.8% (p for trend = 0.848). By race/ethnicity, among diabetic Hispanics, kidney stone prevalence significantly increased from 8.7% to 14.8% (p for trend = 0.017). Non-Hispanic White adults with diabetes had the highest kidney stone prevalence (17.4% to 21.7%, p for trend = 0.468), and non-Hispanic Black adults with diabetes changed from 7.7% to 6.9% (p for trend = 0.775). CONCLUSION: From 2007 to 2020, the diabetes prevalence significantly increased. Kidney stone prevalence increased significantly among Hispanic adults with diabetes and remained high among men with diabetes and non-Hispanic White adults with diabetes. These subgroups may warrant targeted prevention and clinical attention.