For the 11-item NPED, item-total score correlations ranged between 0.27 and 0.68 (p < 0.01). EFA was conducted due to poor goodness-of-fit indices observed in the initial CFA. The EFA identified three subfactors; however, items 2 and 10 were distributed in subdimensions different from the original scale. After removing items 2 and 10, the scale demonstrated acceptable results in EFA. While α = 0.795 in the NPED, Factor 1 (α = 0.855), Factor 2 (α = 0.741) and Factor 3 (α = 0.767) measured 73.48% of the total variance. In the known-groups validity analysis, the scale successfully identified differences based on nurses' self-reported proficiency in computer use and their prior exposure to Electronic Health Records (EHRs) training, both of which were established as criteria.
Çetin et al. (2026) studied this question.