Bridging Measurement and Modeling: An Approach to Urban Thermal Comfort Spatialization and Risk Assessment in Strasbourg, France

Urban planners increasingly require high-resolution thermal comfort maps to prioritize heat adaptation, yet validating the necessary microclimate models against standard field instruments remains methodologically fraught. This study establishes an integrated measurement–modeling framework applied to a study area in Strasbourg, France. First, we evaluate the radiative physics of the LASER/F model against net radiometer measurements at a specific sub-canopy location and against incoming shortwave radiation pyranometer records across three instrumentation sites. Results demonstrate high accuracy for longwave fluxes (R2>0.95) but reveal that simplified tree geometry leads to condition-dependent shortwave discrepancies. Second, we quantify the systematic divergence between Mean Radiant Temperature derived from black globe measurements and six-directional simulations across seven sites. We analyze how these inevitable discrepancies, stemming mainly from geometric mismatch, propagate into the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), resulting in (71.5–75.5%) diurnal exact categorical agreement. Finally, spatial application of the model uncovers a “masked risk”: while temporal averaging suggests that 100% of the district remains safe (mean UTCI <32∘C), duration-based analysis reveals that 72.8% of surfaces actually experience critical heat stress for over a quarter of the period. To address these hidden exposure risks, we propose a “Combined Risk Score” (CRS) that integrates thermal intensity and critical exposure duration on an absolute, dataset-independent scale, with a sensitivity analysis demonstrating that spatial risk prioritization is invariant to the intensity–duration weighting choice at the operational threshold.