Metal-free platform detects methylene blue with high sensitivity in an ultrastable manner, indicating potential advancements in sensing technologies.
We report a metal-free Fe 3 O 4 @C@TiO 2 heterostructure SERS platform enabling efficient semiconductor-molecule charge transfer via interfacial states, achieving sensitivity approaching noble-metal systems with ultrastable and reliable performance.
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Mai et al. (2026) studied this question.
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