Diagnostic and prognostic values of bile biomarkers for malignant biliary strictures show promising implications.
Biliary VEGF is a strong independent biomarker for the diagnosis of malignant biliary obstruction, both in PDAC and CCA. MMP-2 was independently associated with CCA diagnosis. PDGF-AA is a promising prognostic biomarker for malignant biliary strictures. These findings support the clinical potential of bile-based biomarkers for improving the diagnosis and assessing the prognosis of malignant biliary strictures.
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Gigante et al. (2026) studied this question.
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