What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to develop sustainable cathode materials with ultrafast kinetics and long-term stability.

April 24, 2026

Ultrafast Anion Storage of a High Voltage Cathode Enabled by an Integrated Donor–Acceptor and 1D COF Nanochannel Architecture With 40 000 Cycle Durability at 60 C

Key Points

The aim is to develop sustainable cathode materials with ultrafast kinetics and long-term stability.
Utilized a 1D covalent organic framework (COF) with a donor–acceptor design
Conducted cyclic performance tests at high rates in Li and Na half-cells
Evaluated electronic conductivity and ion transport properties
Achieved 80% capacity retention after 20,000 cycles in Li and 40,000 cycles in Na half-cells
Demonstrated an average discharge voltage of ∼3.58 V vs. Li/Li and ∼3.54 V vs. Na/Na
Displayed impressive rate performance of 64 mAh g−1 in Li and 67 mAh g−1 in Na at 10 A g−1

Abstract

ABSTRACT The demand for high‐power and fast‐charging energy storage systems necessitates sustainable electrode materials that combine ultrafast kinetics, long‐term stability, and structural durability. In this work, we present TP‐IPA, an imine‐linked covalent framework consistent with a 1D covalent organic framework (COF) architecture and featuring a donor–acceptor (D–A) design. It enables ultrafast and reversible anion storage. By integrating a D–A architecture with an ordered 1D nanochannel structure, TP‐IPA enhances both electronic conductivity and ion transport. As a p ‐type cathode material, TP‐IPA enables each repeating unit motif to reversibly store two PF 6 − anions via oxidation. It delivers high average discharge voltages (∼3.58 V vs. Li + /Li and ∼3.54 V vs. Na + /Na), outstanding rate performance (64 mAh g −1 in Li half‐cells and 67 mAh g −1 in Na half‐cells at 10 A g −1 , equivalent to ∼120 C), and remarkable cycling stability. Notably, it retains 80% of its initial capacity after 20 000 cycles in Li half‐cells and 40 000 cycles in Na half‐cells at ultrahigh C‐rates (∼60 C). This makes TP‐IPA one of the most stable and rate‐resilient organic cathodes reported to date. This work provides a new strategy for developing next‐generation high‐power, long‐life organic cathode materials.

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