Immunomodulatory effect of Guavarine®, aqueous guava leaf extract, on ornamental Koi carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi L. 1758

The leaves and bark of guava (Psidium guajava) have a long history of medicinal uses. The immunomodulatory effect of Guavarine®, an aqueous guava leaf extract, was investigated on Cyprinus carpio var. koi L. The fish (8.33 ± 1.02 g) were injected with guava leaf extracts (10 or 100 µg/fish) intraperitoneally, and the innate immune parameters were monitored for 28 days. In fish injected with guava leaf extracts, the lymphocyte proliferation, nitric oxide production, and respiratory burst activity increased until the 14th day and decreased thereafter. The results indicated an elevation in the innate immune status of fish, possibly due to the presence of flavonoids in the leaf extracts.