Reveals that pre-training with music enhances language acquisition, suggesting effective data curation strategies.
We show that pre-training a Transformer on music before language significantly accelerates language acquisition.Using piano performances (MAESTRO dataset), a developmental pipeline---music → poetry → prose---yields a 17.5% perplexity improvement over random initialization ($p < 0.001$, 5 seeds), with music and poetry improving orthogonal model components (internal computation and embeddings, respectively). Convergence tests confirm that this is not a transient head start: at $d\!=\!64$, multi-seed validation (5 seeds) shows a persistent 5.5% gap at plateau ($p = 0.017$), with the pipeline converging faster and to a lower loss in every run. Real music matches the transfer ceiling of synthetic patterns with one-third the data, and scaling experiments reveal thatoptimal pre-training data volume shifts with model capacity (-3% → +3% → +6% advantage of larger datasets from $d\!=\!16$ to $d\!=\!64$). Across the scales we study (d\!∈\!\16,32,64\, up to ~400K parameters), these results suggest capacity-dependent data curation principle and indicate that structured human creative outputs can provide an efficient pre-training substrate for small language models; stronger conclusions at modern pre-training scale will require substantially larger experiments.
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Yoshinori Nomura (2026) studied this question.
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