Timing‐Dependent Spiking Neural Network: Board‐Level Hardware Implementation with Photoelectroactive Van der Waals Synapses (Adv. Mater. 23/2026)

Timing-Dependent Spiking Neural Network The cover image visualizes a biological neural network translated into a hardware-implemented system. Biological synapses and neurons are represented alongside their artificial counterparts, realized as synaptic devices and neuron circuits. These elements are physically integrated on a printed circuit board, demonstrating a functional hardware neural network that embodies biological connectivity and learning principles in an electronic platform. More details can be found in the Research Article by Sang Min Won, Jin-Hong Park, Seyong Oh, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/adma.202517613).