Key result
Low cardiorespiratory fitness on CPX linked to ~73% greater all-cause mortality risk vs high fitness.
Why the study?
The inverse relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality had almost exclusively been studied using estimated rather than directly measured fitness.
Does directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness predict all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in apparently healthy adults?
Cohort (n=4,137)
Does directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness predict all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in apparently healthy adults?
Directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness via CPX testing is a strong, independent predictor of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in apparently healthy adults.
Fitness assessment may aid risk prediction in healthy adults; leaves open whether improving cardiorespiratory fitness causally lowers mortality.
BACKGROUND: There is a well-established inverse relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and mortality. However, this relationship has almost exclusively been studied using estimated CRF. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the association of directly measured CRF, obtained using cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in apparently healthy men and women. METHODS: Participants included 4,137 self-referred apparently healthy adults (2,326 men, 1,811 women; mean age: 42.8 ± 12.2 years) who underwent CPX testing to determine baseline CRF. Participants were followed for 24.2 ± 11.7 years (1.1 to 49.3 years) for mortality. Cox-proportional hazard models were performed to determine the relationship of CRF (ml·kg RESULTS: During follow-up, 727 participants died (524 men, 203 women). CPX-derived CRF was inversely related to all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Low CRF was associated with higher risk for all-cause (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20 to 3.50), CVD (HR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.20 to 3.49), and cancer (HR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.18 to 3.36) mortality compared with high CRF. Further, each metabolic equivalent increment increase in CRF was associated with a 11.6%, 16.1%, and 14.0% reductions in all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Given the prognostic ability of CPX-derived CRF for all-cause and disease-specific mortality outcomes, its use should be highly considered for apparently healthy populations as it may help to improve the efficacy of the individualized patient risk assessment and guide clinical decisions.
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Imboden et al. (2018) conducted a cohort in Apparently healthy adults (n=4,137). Low cardiorespiratory fitness vs. High cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated on All-cause mortality (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.20-3.50). Low cardiorespiratory fitness measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with high fitness (HR 1.73; 95% CI 1.20-3.50).
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