Failure to address sex and gender as key variables in cardiovascular disease research and reporting has contributed to disparities in risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.
Sex and gender influence all aspects of cardiovascular health and disease-including epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestation, disease progression, and response to treatment-in complex and interrelated ways. Sex-based and gender-based differences have been identified in risk and presentation of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, failure to address sex and gender as key variables in CVD research and reporting and limited understanding of differences have contributed to disparities in risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Improved consideration of both sex and gender in all phases of the biomedical research continuum, along with educational and training curricula focused on the role of sex and gender in CVD, are needed to provide targeted therapies and improve cardiovascular health outcomes for all.
Clayton et al. (Fri,) conducted a review in Cardiovascular diseases. Failure to address sex and gender as key variables in cardiovascular disease research and reporting has contributed to disparities in risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.