Characteristics of match-related head injuries in professional women's football: a prospective cohort study

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the incidence, severity, burden, and mechanisms of three different match-related head injury categories in professional women's football.Design: Prospective observational cohort study.Methods: Match-related head injuries in the Norwegian Women's Premier League were identified by video analysis and reports from team-physiotherapists.The Modified Happy Concussion Questionnaire was used to interview injured players.Incidence rates, severity, burden, and injury mechanisms were presented for three categories: match-related head injuries, suspected sports-related concussions and diagnosed sports-related concussions.Results: Fourteen head injuries were included from a total of 135 matches and 246 players.Across the three injury categories, incidence rates and burden ranged from 0.7 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.1 to 1.4) to 3.1 (95% CI: 1.5 to 4.8) and 21.1 (95% CI: 20.3 to 21.9) to 32.3 (95% CI: 30.7 to 34.0).per 1,000 hours of match play, respectively.Across all categories, median severity ranged from 6 (IQR: 2.5 to 7.5) to 9 (IQR: 7 to 78) days of time loss.Player-to-player contact was the main injury mechanism for match-related head injuries and suspected sports-related concussions, while ball-to-head impact caused most diagnosed sports-related concussions. Conclusions:Incidence rates varied depending on head injury inclusion criteria.Broader inclusion criteria identified a greater number of head injuries (match-related head injuries and suspected sports-related concussions) that were predominantly associated with shorter time loss and player-to-player contact.Conversely, stricter criteria (diagnosed sports-related concussions) captured fewer injuries characterized by longer time loss and a higher proportion of ball-to-head impacts.