Abstract This research paper proposes an innovative, mathematically engaging, and compact Dual Staircase-Shaped Fractal Antenna (DSSFA) using an HSA-ANN Ensembled integrated approach. The revealed structure bearing size 26 × 32 × 1.6 mm 3 is tailored on an easily accessible FR4 substrate and backed by a modified ground plane. The considered fractal radiator is designed iteratively and exhibits a symmetrical dual staircase-shape. During the generation process, the framed HSA-ANN Ensembled integrated strategy offers the targeted frequency points. The developed heterogeneous ANN Ensembled Models are employed for the prediction of two critical design parameters (feed position and ground length). Afterward, the trained Ensembled models are utilized in the fitness function of the HSA for the creation of optimized operating points. Furthermore, laboratory measurements on the Realized DSSFA are carried out to justify the feasibility of the described fractal approach. The examined resonant points are 2.48, 3.58, 4.25, 7.65, 8.74, 11.83, and 14.44 GHz. At the claimed resonant points, the said antenna is characterized by stable partially deformed omnidirectional/bidirectional radiation patterns. The demonstrated fractalization technique allows the physical size to be reduced by 33%. Based on the experimentation, it has been stated that the introduced antenna is intended for use in distinct wireless applications.
Kaur et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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