Narrative review proposes novel biologics for spinal fusion, highlighting the need for large trials to confirm findings.
A multimodal approach combining comprehensive bone quality assessment, systemic anabolic optimization (moderate certainty evidence), and targeted novel biologics delivered via advanced biomaterial scaffolds (very low certainty evidence) is proposed for optimized spinal arthrodesis outcomes. However, large-scale clinical trials are required to validate these emerging biologic enhancers.
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Lim et al. (2026) studied this question.
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