Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, Antidiarrheal, and Antispasmodic Potential of Dichloromethane and Ethyl Acetate Fractions of Solanum surattense Burm. f

Solanum surattense is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, and although its chemical constituents and some pharmacological properties have been documented, its comprehensive pharmacological profile remains insufficiently characterized, necessitating further systematic investigation. The current study aimed to investigate its phyto-constituents and to assess its antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antidiarrheal, and spasmogenic/spasmolytic activities. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the whole plant extract was performed using Dichloromethane and Ethyl acetate. GC-MS revealed 8 compounds in the dichloromethane fraction of S. surattense (DCMFSS), such as Loliolide and n-hexadecanoic acid, which showed the highest percent area (1.23%), and 10 in the ethyl acetate fraction of S. surattense (EAFSS), such as 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-Vinylphenol, with the highest percent area (7.55%). Both fractions exhibited significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays with IC₅₀ of 199/162 µg mL⁻¹ (DCMFSS) and 135/150 µg mL⁻¹ (EAFSS), respectively. DCMFSS and EAFSS exhibited anticholinesterase activity with IC₅₀ values of 22/3 µg mL⁻¹ and 3/6 µg mL⁻¹ against AChE and BChE, respectively. In vivo experiments on pigeons presented significant decreases in diarrhea and intestinal transit in comparison with controls. Ex vivo studies on isolated rabbit jejunum demonstrated a biphasic effect: both fractions had spasmogenic activity at lower dosages (0.01-1.0 mg mL⁻¹) and spasmolytic activity at higher dosages (3-15 mg mL⁻¹). EC₅₀ values against spontaneous contraction were 8.67 ± 0.43 mg mL⁻¹ (DCMFSS) and 12.16 ± 0.49 mg mL⁻¹ (EAFSS), whereas against KCl-induced contraction, the values were 10.19 ± 0.34 and 9.98 ± 0.59 mg mL⁻¹ , respectively. These results mechanistically support the traditional use of S. surattense and highlight its potential for developing new therapeutic drugs for gastrointestinal disorders.