Modified β‐Cyclodextrin–Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Sensors for Potentiometric Determination of Procainamide

This work presents a novel method for creating carbon paste sensors to detect procainamide hydrochloride (PR). The main purpose of this study is to construct three different types of carbon paste sensors using the ion pair procainamide‐phosphotungstate (PR‐PT) as the electroactive material in the presence of ortho‐nitrophenyl octyl ether ( o ‐NPOE), a solvent mediator. The typical form of the conventional carbon paste sensor (Sensor I) and the improved carbon paste sensor modified with β‐cyclodextrin (Sensor II) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (Sensor III) have been studied. The sensors showed Nernst responses of 52 ± 0.5, 54 ± 0.5, and 58.5 ± 0.5 mV/decade over concentration ranges of 6.0×10 −5 –1.0×10 −2 , 8.0×10 −6 –1.0×10 −2 , and 6.0×10 −6 –1.0×10 −2 M with lower detection limits of 2.0×10 −5 , 2.0×10 −6 , and 2.5×10 −6 M for sensors I, II, and III, respectively. The basic capabilities of the newly created sensors were evaluated by examining the effects of various factors such as pH, selectivity, soaking time, linear concentration ratio, lifetime, etc., that affect them. The validation of the method was done in accordance with IUPAC guidelines. The developed sensors were used to determine the amount of PR in bulk and dosages. The data obtained were statistically analyzed and compared with the published method, which showed good accuracy and precision.