Observational framework reveals how dream, waking, and blackout states shape temporal experiences, suggesting time is non-linear.
This paper presents a structural interpretation of temporal experience based on observations from dream, waking, and blackout states. Dream experience demonstrates non-linear access to events while still producing coherent sequences. In contrast, waking experience exhibits stable linear progression, and blackout or anaesthetic states exhibit absence of experienced sequence. The paper proposes that time, as experienced, is not fundamentally linear, but emerges from the resolution of admissible transitions within a space of possible configurations. Only transitions that preserve coherence are realised, resulting in structured temporal experience. A comparative framework is introduced showing three regimes: - Dream states: flexible sequence under low constraint - Waking states: stable sequence under high constraint - Blackout states: absence of sequence and absence of time experience The work is observational and structural, not a replacement for physical theories of time. It provides a conceptual framework for understanding how temporal experience forms through sequence stabilisation.
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Andrew John Paton (2026) studied this question.
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