Integrating farmer perceptions and scientific assessments of soil acidity in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

Soil acidity is a major land degradation issue in sub-Saharan Africa, critically affecting agricultural productivity and food security, especially in the Ethiopian highlands. This study examines farmer perceptions, adaptive strategies, and the correspondence between local and scientific assessments of soil acidity in northwestern Ethiopia. Using a cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 292 households across three kebeles in the Amhara region, complemented by field observations and soil sampling. Farmers identified yield reduction and stunted crop growth as primary indicators of soil acidity, attributing the issue largely to continuous cropping, poor field management and limited fallow periods. Laboratory results revealed discrepancies between farmer perceived acidity levels and measured soil pH, with many fields classified as very strongly to extremely acidic. Farm management strategies, such as organic fertilization, crop rotation, and the use of acid-tolerant crops (bitter white lupin, Lupinus albus), align with sustainable practices but are constrained by inconsistent lime application due to its cost and perceived inefficacy. The findings highlight the gap between scientific assessment and local perception, underscoring the need for integrated approaches that combine local knowledge with empirical data to enhance soil management. This study underscores the need to integrate the local knowledge of farmers with scientific assessments to enhance soil acidity management. Expanding early detection tools, strengthening extension services and testing locally adapted liming and soil restoration practices are key to improving soil health and agricultural resilience in acid-prone areas.