The convergence of personalized medicine and gene therapy represents one of the most transformative developments in modern healthcare. This narrative review explores the evolution, current applications, and future prospects of precision-based genetic interventions. From the foundational Human Genome Project to the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology and FDA-approved CAR-T cell therapies, we examine how molecular profiling and genetic modification are reshaping therapeutic paradigms. The integration of artificial intelligence, advanced delivery systems, and biomarker-driven approaches has accelerated the translation of genomic discoveries into clinical practice. This article synthesizes recent advances (2020-2025) in gene therapy applications for oncology, rare genetic disorders, and infectious diseases, while addressing critical challenges including delivery efficiency, immune responses, ethical considerations, and accessibility. The evidence suggests that personalized gene therapy is transitioning from experimental intervention to standard-of-care treatment, with market projections indicating exponential growth through 2030.
Jain et al. (Fri,) studied this question.