W-Truncated Annular Shaped Charges: Unraveling Jet Dynamics for Precision Tandem Warhead Penetration

Annular shaped charges are essential components in modern tandem warhead systems; however, traditional configurations such as shaped charge jets (SCJ), rod-based jets (JPC), and explosively formed penetrators (EFP) often fail to meet the stringent 1 : 1 aperture-to-charge-diameter requirements. This study introduces a novel W-truncated annular shaped charge design, evaluated through a combined approach of numerical simulations and experimental validation. The investigation reveals a three-stage jet formation process—charge liner collapse, radial convergence, and jet stretching—highlighting the dynamic interactions between the truncated structure and the inner and outer liners. Additionally, the effects of structural parameters, including outer and inner cone angles, truncation length, and outer charge liner height, are systematically analyzed to establish a comprehensive theoretical basis for design optimization in achieving precise penetration and effective damage in tandem warhead applications.