Association of heart failure and its comorbidities with loss of life expectancy

Figures

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  Figure 1. Absolute and relative survival of the study cohort. (A) Kaplan-Meier curve illustrating observed mortality in the study cohort; (B) expected mortality rate (dashed line) and excess mortality rate (continuous line with shaded 95% CI) in an age-sex matched UK population.

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  Figure 2. Absolute and relative survival stratified by gender. (A) Kaplan-Meier curve illustrating observed mortality of men and women in the study cohort; (B) expected mortality rate in an age-matched UK populations of men and women; (C) excess mortality rate in men and women from the study cohort relative to the age–sex matched UK populations, illustrating greater excess mortality in men than women with heart failure.

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  Figure 3. Loss of expected life according to sex and number of comorbidities. Loss of expected life over 10 years of follow-up, with 95% CI, in men (red) and women (blue) according to number of comorbidities (from ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 4 or above).