Exploring Optimal Crystal Formation Condition of Perovskite Solutions via the Drop-Casting Method

While trial-and-error approaches for fabricating high-quality perovskite crystals have been vastly reported, quantitative studies on the relation between the basic crystallization process and the involved hydrodynamics are limited. This study focuses on tin-based perovskite compounds, which are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications, aiming to clarify the optimal conditions for their crystal growth. We performed microscopic observations and film thickness measurements to investigate the crystal growth mechanism in detail. Furthermore, we analyzed the elemental distribution on the crystal surface using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to systematically evaluate the effects of the solvent mixture ratio (DMSO and DMF) on crystal growth and the distribution of key elements.