What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to clarify that the onset and direction of a new causal chain involve outside influences.

April 27, 2026Open Access

If a New Causal Chain Begins, a Non-Internal Contribution Exists

Key Points

The aim is to clarify that the onset and direction of a new causal chain involve outside influences.
Conceptual analysis of causal chains
Exploration of physical descriptions
Examination of contributions
A causal chain can begin without an internal fix from a closed physical description.
Non-internal contributions exist but are not characterized by ontology, magnitude, or persistence.

Abstract

Since a closed physical description does not internally fix the onset and direction of a new causal chain, if such a chain begins, a non-internal contribution to its beginning exists. This note states that consequence only. It does not identify the ontology, magnitude, persistence, or interpretation of the non-internal contribution.

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Cite This Study

John Christian William McKinley (Fri,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69eefdd1fede9185760d49cd https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19752797