In this paper, we represent second-gradient internal work functionals in Lagrangian (referential) and Eulerian (spatial) descriptions, and we deduce the corresponding expressions for the Piola transformations of stress and double-stress tensors and of external forces and double-forces. We also derive, in both the Eulerian and Lagrangian description, the expression of surface and edge contact interactions (which include forces and double-forces) for second-gradient continua in terms of the normal and the curvature of contact boundary surfaces and edge shapes.
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dell’Isola et al. (2022) studied this question.
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