The structure of families and marital status of the population of the Republic of Tuva (comparative analysis of data from the 2010 and 2020 censuses)

The purpose of the study is to identify the regional specifics of the family and household structure of the Republic of Tyva in comparison with national and regional indicators. Objectives: to analyze the marital structure of the population of the Republic of Tyva (distribution by marital status, gender and age characteristics); to study the typology of family units (married couples, mothers with children, fathers with children); to assess reproductive behavior (number of children, proportion of large families); to identify gender disparities (widowhood, divorce, marriage asymmetry); to characterize the structure of private households by size; compare the indicators of the Republic of Tyva with the national and regional data. The object of the study is the population of the Republic of Tuva aged 16 years and older, the subject is the marital structure of the population, the typology of family units, reproductive behavior and gender disparities. The empirical base was made up of data from the official results of the census, containing the distribution of family units by type, size and number of children, as well as the distribution of private households by size. The research methodology is based on a structural and demographic approach, which involves the analysis of marital and reproductive attitudes of the population through objective indicators of family and household composition. It was found that the Republic of Tyva demonstrates a steady deviation from national trends: the average household size (3.2 people versus 2.2 in the Russian Federation), the proportion of large families among couples with children (34.0% versus 21.6% on average in the country) and the proportion of crowded households of 6 or more people (13.2% versus 2.7% in the Russian Federation) significantly exceed the national average. At the same time, the share of single-parent families (34.3% of all family units) is comparable to the national figures, but their internal structure has its own peculiarities: among mothers with children, having many children is more common (17.5% versus 12.4% on average in the Russian Federation), which reflects the preservation of traditional reproductive attitudes. The results of the study show that the traditional family structure with a high birth rate is being reproduced in the Republic of Tyva. At the same time, significant gender disparities and a high proportion of illegitimate births are recorded, which requires an adjustment of regional demographic policy taking into account ethnosocial factors.