Self‐Assembled Zein‐Polyphenol/Surfactant Composite Nanocoating on Polyurethane with Structural‐Enhanced Synergistic Hemostasis and Antibacterial Activity

The development of multifunctional dressings is crucial for addressing complex challenges in trauma care. This study presents a rational structural design of a self‐assembled composite nanocoating on polyurethane (PU) by synergistically complexing a zein‐polyphenol conjugate (ZC) with a cationic surfactant, ethyl lauroyl arginate hydrochloride (LAE). The optimal ZCL 1 @PU composite, fabricated via an anti‐solvent co‐assembly, featured a reconfigured protein secondary structure with enhanced β‐sheet content and optimized surface hydrophilicity. This specific microstructure enabled synergistic hemostasis by efficiently capturing blood components (red blood cells, platelets, and fibrinogen) without activating intrinsic coagulation pathways. In a rat femoral artery injury model, ZCL 1 @PU significantly reduced blood loss and shortened bleeding time compared to pristine PU. Furthermore, the composite nanocoating exhibited excellent biocompatibility, potent antioxidant activity, and strong antibacterial efficacy both in vitro and in vivo . This work highlights the power of rational‐design composite engineering in creating advanced multifunctional coatings, offering a versatile strategy for biomedical surface modifications.