Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Lignin Valorization: Mechanism‐Oriented Design of Selective Bond‐Breaking Catalysts

Lignin, as the most abundant renewable source of aromatic compounds, is pivotal to achieving carbon neutrality, yet its valorization remains hampered by recalcitrant and heterogeneous structures. Electrocatalysis offers a mild and selective route for lignin depolymerization, but the translation of mechanisms from model compounds to native lignin feedstocks remains a critical bottleneck. This review provides a mechanism‐strategy‐feedstock framework to systematically summarize recent advances in electrocatalytic lignin valorization. We distinguish the cleavage pathways of C–O and C–C linkages under direct/indirect electro‐oxidation and hydrogenolysis, and correlate them with the electronic structure and interface properties of electrocatalysts. A critical comparison is drawn between studies using well‐defined model compounds and native lignin, highlighting the structural heterogeneity that governs catalytic efficiency and product selectivity. Finally, we outline the technical hurdles and propose targeted strategies for catalyst design and reactor coupling, aiming to bridge the gap between fundamental research and industrial application.