Background/Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus remains a significant public health challenge, with breastfeeding contributing to the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Although antiretroviral therapy significantly reduces this risk, obstetric nurses face complex challenges in translating evolving guidelines into clinical practice. This scoping review aims to map existing scientific evidence on obstetric nurses’ approaches to evidence-based practice regarding breastfeeding in the context of HIV. Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost (MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive) for studies published in Englissh and Portuguese between 2015 and 2025. Studies were included if they focused on the role of obstetric nurses, nurse-midwives, or midwives in infant-feeding practices for women living with HIV. Results: Eight studies were included, predominantly from sub-Saharan Africa, with additional evidence from Europe and Canada. Findings reveal that infant-feeding counseling is shaped by a complex interplay of clinical protocols and personal beliefs. Significant gaps in knowledge translation were identified. While nurses demonstrate high technical confidence in lactation support, their distinct professional contribution is often obscured by research that aggregates all healthcare providers. Conclusions: The challenge of supporting breastfeeding in the context of HIV extends beyond technical protocol adherence. It points to persistent gaps in knowledge translation, variability in counselling practices, and the influence of contextual and professional factors on guideline implementation. Strengthening care requires sustained investment in profession-specific education, institutional support, and evidence-informed practice frameworks that enable obstetric nurses to exercise informed clinical judgement.
Fonseca et al. (Mon,) studied this question.