Dengue Virus and Malaria Parasitemia in Africa: A Narrative Review

Dengue virus infection and malaria parasitaemia are significant mosquito-borne diseases in Africa, especially in Nigeria. This review highlights their epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, and public health impact, with emphasis on their similar early clinical features, which often result in misdiagnosis. Dengue, caused by Flavivirus serotypes, is increasingly prevalent and lacks a specific cure, while malaria, mainly due to Plasmodium falciparum, remains highly endemic but treatable. The occurrence of dengue–malaria co-infection further complicates diagnosis and management. Laboratory methods such as microscopy, serology, and RT-PCR are essential for accurate detection. Effective control relies on vector management, early diagnosis, and improved public health strategies.